Both the authors in Frankenstein and the Handmaids tale present science to showcase the violation of the natural world. In the gothic scientific Frankenstein, Shelley deficits Victor’s notions of his unchecked hubristic attitudes towards scientific advancements, demonstrating how science implicates the individual and consequences of his overextending ambition. Through enlightenment and galvanism imagery, Shelley criticised how Victor plays the role of God and destroys the maternal figure in the birthing process of the creature. While in the dystopian speculative text the handmaids tale, Atwood portrays the consequences of science as a form of restriction, control and weaponisation. Through environmentalism and the aftermath of ww2, this foregrounds science as a postmodern text that strips the bodily autonomy away from the handmaids. Ultimately, both texts show that science is used to oppress, but differ on the consequences that happen.
In Frankenstein, Shelley depicts Victor’s notions of his unchecked hubristic attitudes towards scientific advancements, while in THT, Atwood portrays science as a form of restriction. In Frankenstein, Victor becomes obsessive with scientific discoveries and creation, as it is informed in the epigraph that he wants to “mould me man”. This allusion to the Prometheus god, showcases that Victor wants to use science for godly purposes, as Prometheus was a god that represents creativity but also deviance. The epistolary reference to the modern Prometheus foreshadowed Victor’s unchecked hubristic attitudes towards scientific advancements, as he believes his creation will change society for the better. This is a paradigm shift as Victor wants to understand the forbidden and do the impossible. This reflects Victor as a post humanist since he wants to change the current Romanticism to suit his scientific enlightenment discovery. However Shelley portrays the consequences of Victor’s unchecked hubristic attitudes towards scientific advancements, as he claims “the beauty of the dream vanished” when he sees the appearance of his creature. Shelley eradicates Victor’s scientific idealism so that he can be exposed to his hubris, which works as an epiphany. This is an ontological crisis as he is left with his transgression and realisation of what he has created. Shelley implies the physcoanalytical destruction of Victor since his dreams reflected his desires, which are now destroyed. Shelley uses Victor’s unchecked hubristic attitudes towards scientific developments as a form of consequentialism and a cautionary tale for playing the role of God. While in THT, Atwood portrays science as a form of restriction for the handmaids’ bodily autonomy. Surrogacy is a central theme in THT as it reflects that the handmaids are just “birthing stools” whose organs are scientifically restricted by the Gileadean regime. The biblical allusion to the epigraph: “give me children or else I die” justifies the restriction of the handmaids’ bodily autonomy and oppresses them even further. The reference to Racheal and Bilmah is bioethics and bio politics, since the Gileadean regime mixes religious fundamentalism and postmodern scientific discoveries to alienate and isolate the handmaids. This is true as the Racheal and Leah centre is used to commodify the handmaids: “then comes the mouldy old Racheal and Leah stuff”. This justifies surrogacy as only as a religious duty, but also a scientific advancements that will keep Gilead alive. This is panegyric, as the handmaids’ speech is restricted by the aunts and commanders since they are forced to recite public speech such as “blessed be the fruit”. Through scientific advancement, surrogacy is a scientific tool that restricts the bodily autonomy of the handmaids and justifies abuse. Ultimately, both texts differ on the use of science, as Shelley portrays science as a consequentialism of Victor’s unchecked hubristic ambitions while Atwood shows that science is used to restrict and commodify the Handmaids. But, they both present science advancements as a postmodern tool that destroys the natural world.
In Frankenstein, Shelley demonstrates how science implicates the individual, while in the handmaids tale, Atwood portrays science as a form of control. In Frankenstein, Victor embraces his individualism as he claims “it was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn”. This shows his metaphysical mindset, since Victor is obsessed with forbidden knowledge and wants to transcend from the physical romantic world, the secrecy of his scientific discoveries, presents his humanist beliefs, since he believes he is able to change scientific discovery as an individual. The fact that Victor refers to “heaven” is paradoxical as he destroys the natural world snd play the role of God through his scientific ambitions. Furthermore, Shelley shows that Victor’s scientific individualism has impacted the creature since he too rebels against the natural world. The creature claims “I too can create desolation”. Physoanalytically, the creature is a double of Victor, since he represents Victor ‘s repressed dark desires. The concept of the double and splitting regards the creature as a warning against the destructive consequences of Victor’s scientific innovation. This relates back to Victor’s scientific creation and individualism, since he failed to take responsibility of his creation, leading to his moral decline. However in the handmaids tale, Atwood portrays science as a form of control through clinical language and the panopticon. Ironically, the commanders are referred to as being “sterile” since “there is no such thing as a sterile man anymore”. This indicates the hegemony of the Commanders, as they are not shamed for their fertility like the Handmaids. The use of clinical and anatomical language reaffirms the bioethics and biopolitics of the handmaids, since they are controlled physically and emotionally from the totalitarian regime. Here, Gilead works as a microcosm since it is a small and highly controlled place that oppressed that they see as irredeemable: “unwomen”. This works as eugenics as Gilead controls and selects what is superior to them. Atwood displays eco-criticism to expose how Gilead’s religious words are scientific and how scientific technology have destroyed the palimpsest and people in the natural world. Similarly, the repetition of “under his eye” indicates the control of surveillance and scientific technologies and advancements. This alludes to Orwell’s Big brother, as the handmaids are being surveillance and watched, but also the panopticon and synopticon, since the handmaids self surveillance as well. Contextually, the concept of surveillance and lack of privacy links to authoritarian governments such as Iran, Nazi Germany and Communist Romania, since scientific technologies such as CCTV were used to surveillant and creep upon the people. Atwood implies that Gilead mirrors past totalitarian regimes to speculate on scientific advancements on technology, surveillance and language. This showcases that science is used to commodify and control the ethics in Gilead. Ultimately both texts differ on their presentation of science, since Shelley shows that science boosts Victor’s individualism snd destructs his creation, while Atwood shows that science is an oppressive tool that is used to subjugate and surveil. But, both texts show that male characters are inherently connected with science, whivj leads to the plight of women.
In conclusion, both texts differ on how science is portrayed as Shelley depicts Victor’s unchecked hubristic attitudes towards scientific advancements and how it implicates the individual, while Atwood portrays science as a form of restriction and control. However, they both present science as consequential and postmodern and that male characters use science to oppress and segregate.