Dickens uses ghosts in a Christmas carol to foreshadow how scrooges life and the life of the upper class will be if they fail to change their views on society. Marley is presented as a suffering helpless character who clearly regrets his life choices serving as a dire warning to Scrooge. His exclamation “I wear the chains I forged in life” not only illustrates his personal torment but also foreshadows Scrooge's potential fate if he does not change his ways. The use of this declaration has a double barrel meaning. Literally, Marley was the modern day equivalent of an accountant and his word included writing ledgers and deeds so he physically made these things in life however metaphorically Marley could be referring to the distress he is in as he is now held captive for eternity due to the way he has acted in life. Marley is “forged” by the chain for caring about making money more than people reflecting the idea that if Scrooge refuses to change he will become like Marley, a ghost without freedom. The chain suggest that the wearer is imprisoned as punishment and signals that scrooges choices in life will restrict his behavior as a ghost. The Ghost of Christmas Present embodies the spirit of Christmas and positivity, vividly illustrated through its jolly demeanor and generous nature, which starkly contrasts with Scrooge's initial miserly attitude. He’s described as a “jolly giant “ wearing a “green robe” which draws traditional ideas of farther Christmas. A semantic field of generosity is used where dickens mentions the ghosts “open hand” and “unconstrained demeanor” highlighting how generosity is a key part of Christmas spirit implying Scrooge needs to develop these traits in order to fully reform. The ghost carries a “glowing torch” that was “not unlike plenty’s horn”. The adjective “glowing” continues the motif of light that was also illustrated by the ghost of Christmas past ultimately presenting light as a symbol of positivity. Plenty’s here was a symbol of abundance in Greek and Roman mythology reflecting how it’s more important to be rich in happiness than in material possessions. The ghost carries an “antique scabbard” with “no sword in it,” symbolizing the absence of conflict and violence during the festive season. This emptiness reflects the message that Scrooge must embrace generosity and abandon his selfishness, aligning with Dickens' critique of societal greed. this is significant as it reveals to the reader dickens message that there is no place for selfishness and violence during the festive time, the fact that it’s empty shows that while conflict may have existed , it should be removed and forgotten. This shows the upper class that their attitudes of greed and unwillingness to help the poor has no place for Christmas.