The importance of family in A Christmas Carol is presented through Fred, scrooge's nephew. Fred is presented as a foil to Scrooge, specifically when he says, "Don't be angry, uncle. Come dine with us tomorrow!" this exclamation shows that Fred is joyful in contradiction to Scrooge who is said to be "as hard and sharp as flint". The pronoun "us" also shows that Fred surrounds himself with family, especially on important holidays, such as Christmas; once again contradicting Scrooge who is "solitary as an oyster". It is suggested that Fred is as joyful as he is because he chooses to surround himself with family and other loved ones. The idea that Fred is the antithesis to Scrooge is further shown when Scrooge questions why Fred got married, his response is that he "fell in love" to which scrooge mocks him. We understand Scrooge is hardened to love due to his past experiences with Belle, which left him heartbroken and skeptical that love leads to joy, which is why he has isolated himself. Dickens is trying to convey that those who surround themselves with family will lead a richer life than those who isolate themselves like Scrooge; we see he has lots of money unlike Fred but is still a poorer man as he doesn't have anyone to share that wealth with. The importance of family is further presented through Tiny Tim as the Cratchits remember his after his death, "recollect how patient and kind he was". The adjectives "patient" and "kind" also present him as a foil to Scrooge. Tiny Tim is remembered fondly by all who knew him and the Cratchits are deeply affected by his death, shown when Bob cries "My little, little child". After Scrooge's death his grave is described as "Unwatched, unwept, unkept" this alliteration shows that even though Scrooge lived a significantly longer life than Tiny Tim he was still less significant and hasn't been mourned as he chose the pursuit of money over family. Tiny Tim was brought up surrounded by family and love which is a large part of why he was "patient" and "kind". Where as Scrooge was brought up isolated, having been sent to boarding school by his father leaving him without a family to guide him during his most important developmental years. Finally, the importance of family is presented through Fan and Scrooge's upbringing. We understand from the flashback we see during the ghost of christmas past's visit that Scrooge has grown up with an uncaring father, who leaves him at boarding school over christmas, where he struggles to make friends which even further isolating him. Though Fan is allowed to stay at home and seems to receive more care from her father, which is suggested when she comes to get Scrooge and says home has become "like heaven". This simile shows that a loving family is integral to a child's upbringing, as Fan has been shown care and kindness; she doesn't struggle to show affection to others and she goes on to live a happier life than Scrooge, getting married and having children. The link between Families and their effect on children is shown by the fact Scrooge becomes much like his father, who we can tell he resented for his coldness, as Scrooge is described by the pathetic fallacy "No warmth could warm" inferring he has developed the same demeanor as his father.