Charles Dickens wrote his novella, 'A Christmas Carol' mainly as an allegory to the Victorian society of 1843. It expresses on the idea of being a good person and it is never too late to be good. Dickens places Scrooge through many experiences that alter his mindset in many ways wether that be through emotions like sadness and fear or the supernatural. In Stave 1, Scrooge meets Marley's ghost and it is important to understand that they are mirror characters of each other. Scrooge and Marley had very similar mindsets and both only cared about money. When Marley presents his "chain" that he "forged in life", he is describing his chains as sins. Marley explains that he now understands what life was meant to be implying to Scrooge that if he doesn't change, he will end up in a similar fate to Marley. Dickens uses heavy sound imagery during the encounter between Scrooge and Marley to create a sense of hyperbole where if you sin, then you will have to carry heavy chains that bang everywhere in the afterlife. Overall, dickens uses the supernatural being of Marley's ghost, a mirror character of scrooge to create a hyperbolic future for Scrooge if no action is taken. Dickens then gives Scrooge a chance to reminisce on his past, during his ups and downs through the Ghost of Christmas Past. Dickens does this because is he wanted to change Scrooge forever, he would need to use nostalgia to create the everlasting effect of the ghosts' messages. The Ghost of Christmas Past is a representation of hope for the future no matter the circumstance. From the ghost's head there was a "bright clear jet of light." dickens' use of light imagery creates a clear idea that the Ghost of Christmas Past is a positive character and is trying to change Scrooge for the long-term and not just temporarily. As a whole, Dickens presents the Ghost of Christmas Past as a character that symbolises hope and it uses this opportunity to remind Scrooge about his past to get him remember what life is really about. Dickens creates an allegoral character in the Ghost of Christmas Present to show Scrooge the benefits of kindness and generosity but also shows him some negative impacts hat his actions are causing to the people around him. The Ghost of Christmas Present brought about a "kind, generous, hearty nature" with him and he was set to represent the common Victorian modesty. Actions were heavily linked to religion during the victorian era because people wanted to do good deeds and reach heaven. This would explain the ghost's 'hearty nature'. Dickens' use of descriptive language to describe the Ghost of Christmas Present links to the idea of the supernatural to transform scrooge by almost leading by example. Finally, Dickens creates the Ghost of Christmas yet to come as a character that is mysterious. This sense of mystery could contribute to how the host inflicted fear over Scrooge. Dickens is almost giving Scrooge a sample of what could happen by presenting the Ghost of Christmas yet to come to him. The ghost's mystery is understood as it "slowly, gravely, silently approached". the ghost only used had signals to communicate to Scrooge which gave him a sense of unease and gave the ghost authority over him slightly. By the end of Stave 4, Scrooge had been obeying everything that the Ghost of Christmas yet to come wanted and Scrooge felt like if he didn't change, he would be haunted by a creature like the Ghost of Christmas yet to come forever. Overall, Dickens uses the theme of the supernatural to morally transform Scrooge into a positive character by the end of the novella by presenting him with ghosts that give him a similar message in various ways.